تويت
[209] ومن كلام له عليه السلام
بالبصرة وقد دخل على العلاء بن زياد الحارثي وهو من أصحابه يعوده فلما رأى سعة داره قال:
مَا كُنْتَ تَصْنَعُ بِسِعَةِ هَذِهِ الدَّارِ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَأَنْتَ إِلَيْهَا فِي الْآخِرَةِ كُنْتَ أَحْوَجَ وَبَلَى إِنْ شِئْتَ بَلَغْتَ بِهَا الْآخِرَةَ تَقْرِي فِيهَا الضَّيْفَ وَتَصِلُ فِيهَا الرَّحِمَ وَتُطْلِعُ مِنْهَا الْحُقُوقَ مَطَالِعَهَا فَإِذاً أَنْتَ قَدْ بَلَغْتَ بِهَا الْآخِرَةَ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْعَلَاءُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَشْكُو إِلَيْكَ أَخِي عَاصِمَ بْنَ زِيَادٍ قَالَ وَمَا لَهُ قَالَ لَبِسَ الْعَبَاءَةَ وَتَخَلَّى عَنِ الدُّنْيَا قَالَ عَلَيَّ بِهِ فَلَمَّا جَاءَ قَالَ يَا عُدَيَّ نَفْسِهِ لَقَدِ اسْتَهَامَ بِكَ الْخَبِيثُ أَ مَا رَحِمْتَ أَهْلَكَ وَوَلَدَكَ أَ تَرَى اللَّهَ أَحَلَّ لَكَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَهُوَ يَكْرَهُ أَنْ تَأْخُذَهَا أَنْتَ أَهْوَنُ عَلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ هَذَا أَنْتَ فِي خُشُونَةِ مَلْبَسِكَ وَجُشُوبَةِ مَأْكَلِكَ قَالَ وَيْحَكَ إِنِّي لَسْتُ كَأَنْتَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى فَرَضَ عَلَى أَئِمَّةِ الْعَدْلِ أَنْ يُقَدِّرُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ بِضَعَفَةِ النَّاسِ كَيْلَا يَتَبَيَّغَ بِالْفَقِيرِ فَقْرُهُ .
Amir al-mu'minin went to enquire about the health of his companion al-`Ala' ibn Ziyad al-Harithi and when he noticed the vastness of his house he said: What will you do with this vast house in this world, although you need this house more in the next world. If you want to take it to the next world you could entertain in it guests and be regardful of kinship and discharge all (your) obligations according to their accrual. In this way you will be able to take it to the next world. Then al-`Ala' said to him: O' Amir al-mu'minin, I want to complain to you about my brother `Asim ibn Ziyad. Amir al-mu'minin enquired: What is the matter with him? al-`Ala' said: He has put on a woollen coat and cut himself away from the world. Amir al-mu'minin said: Present him to me. When he came Amir al-mu'minin said: O' enemy of yourself. Certainly, the evil (Satan) has misguided you. Do you feel no pity for your wife and your children? Do you believe that if you use those things which Allah has made lawful for you, He will dislike you? You are too unimportant for Allah to do so. He said: O' Amir al-mu'minin, you also put on coarse dress and eat rough food. Then he replied: Woe be to you, I am not like you. Certainly, Allah, the Sublime, has made it obligatory on true leaders that they should maintain themselves at the level of low people so that the poor do not cry over their poverty. (1)
(1) From ancient days asceticism and the abandonment of worldly attachments has been regarded as a means of purification of the spirit and important for the character. Consequently, those who wished to lead a life of abstemiousness and meditation used to go out of the cities and towns to stay in forests and caves in the mountains and stay there concentrating on Allah according to their own conception. They would eat only if a casual traveller or the inhabitant of nearby dwellings gave them anything to eat, otherwise they remained contented with the fruits of wild trees and the water of the streams, and thus they passed their life. This way of worship commenced in a way that was forced by the oppression and hardships of rulers. Certain people left their houses and, in order to avoid their grip, hid themselves in some wilderness or cave in a mountain, engaging themselves in worship of and devotion to Allah. Later on, this forced asceticism acquired a voluntary form and people began to retire to caves and hollows of their own volition. Thus it became an accepted way that whoever aimed at spiritual development retired to some corner after severing himself from all worldly ties. This method remained in vogue for centuries and even now some traces of this way of worship are found among the Buddhists and the Christians. The moderate views of Islam do not, however, accord with the monastic life, because for attaining spiritual development it does not advocate the abandonment of worldly enjoyments and successes, nor does it view with approbation that a Muslim should leave his house and fellow men and busy himself in formal worship, hiding in some corner. The conception of worship in Islam is not confined to a few particular rites, but it regards the earning of one's livelihood through lawful means, mutual sympathy and good behaviour, and co-operation and assistance also to be important constituents of worship. If an individual ignores worldly rights and obligations and does not fulfil his responsibility towards his wife and children, nor occupies himself in efforts to earn a livelihood, but all the time stays in meditation, he ruins his life and does not fulfil the purpose of living. If this were Allah's aim, what would have the need for creating and populating the world when there was already a category of creatures who were all the time engaged in worshipping and adoration. Nature has made man to stand on the cross-roads at which the midway is the centre of guidance. If he deviates from this point of moderateness even a bit, this way or that way, there is shear misguidance for him. That midway is that he should neither bend towards this world to such an extent as to ignore the next life, devoting himself entirely to this one, nor should he abstain from this world so as not to have any connection with anything of it, confining himself to some corner leaving everything else. Since Allah has created man in this world he should follow the code of life for living in this world, and should partake of the comforts and pleasures bestowed by Allah within moderate limits. The eating and using of things made lawful by Allah is not against Allah's worship, but rather Allah has created these things for the very purpose that they should be taken advantage of. That is why those who were the chosen of Allah lived in this world with others and ate and drank like others. They did not feel the need to turn their faces away from the people of the world, and to adopt the wilderness or the caves of mountains as their abodes, or to live in distant spots. On the other hand they remembered Allah, remained disentangled from worldly affairs, and did not forget death despite the pleasures and comforts of life. The life of asceticism sometimes produces such evils as ruin the next life also as well as this one, and such an individual proves to be the true picture of "the looser in this life as well as the next." When natural impulses are not satisfied in the lawful and legal way the mind turns into a centre of evil-ideas and becomes incapable of performing worship with peace and concentration; and sometimes passions so overcome the ascetic that breaking all moral fetters, he devotes himself compl